概览

之前有个要把打开的文件清空,然后重新写入的需求,但是使用 ftruncate(fd, 0)后,并没有达到效果,反而文件头部有了'\0',长度比预想的大了。

究其原因是没有使用 lseek 重置文件偏移量,是我太天真了,以为清空文件就会从头开始写入。

文档

首先 man ftruncate 看下帮助手册

 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
NAME
       truncate, ftruncate - truncate a file to a specified length

SYNOPSIS
       int truncate(const char *path, off_t length);
       int ftruncate(int fd, off_t length);

DESCRIPTION
       The truncate() and ftruncate() functions cause the regular file named by path or referenced by fd to be truncated to a size of precisely length bytes.
       If the file previously was larger than this size, the extra data is lost.  If the file previously was shorter, it is extended, and the extended part reads as null bytes ('\0').
       The file offset is not changed.
       If  the  size  changed,  then the st_ctime and st_mtime fields (respectively, time of last status change and time of last modification; see stat(2)) for the file are updated, and the set-user-ID and
       set-group-ID permission bits may be cleared.
       With ftruncate(), the file must be open for writing; with truncate(), the file must be writable.

之前就是因为没有看到 The file offset is not changed,导致我产生了文件开头的错误,都说了文件偏移量是不会改变的!

实验

 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
 
int main(void)
{
	int fd;
 
	const char *s1 = "0123456789";
	const char *s2 = "abcde";
 
	fd = open("test.txt", O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, 0666);
	/* if error */
 
	write(fd, s1, strlen(s1));
 
	ftruncate(fd, 0);
	// lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
	
	write(fd, s2, strlen(s2));
 
	close(fd);
 
	return 0;
}

运行效果

去掉 lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET); 的注释后,效果如下:

结论

从以上两张图中,可以看出,不用 lseek 的文件大小为15,用 xxd 查看16进制格式看到 文件头有10个 '\0' 填充。

而重置文件偏移量后,文件大小为5,内容也正确。

因此,在用 ftruncate 函数时,再次写入一定要重新设置文件偏移量(在 ftruncate 之前或之后都行,用 lseekrewind 都可以)。